Digital technologies offer tangible opportunities to address health challenges. They can improve the coverage and quality of health services, particularly those at the ‘last mile’ - those in under-served and excluded areas. Digital interventions, including through their integration in universal health coverage, are essential to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and other health-related SDG goals and targets.
UNDP recognizes the significant role of digital systems in national development. The digital ecosystem, which includes artificial intelligence (AI), big data, the internet, and radio can seamlessly integrate with the health sector to tackle key health challenges around communicable diseases (included preparedness and response), non-communicable diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and even climate change and disasters.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of digital inclusion as a key determinant of health that can accelerate progress across multiple aspects of healthcare delivery and facilitate the achievement of universal health coverage. Data and digital technology can drive equity and the development of more resilient and sustainable health systems. However, many people still lack access to the internet and the opportunities it provides, underscoring the importance of programming, policy and legal frameworks that foster equitable access, protect privacy, reduce disinformation and narrow the digital divide.
UNDP’s approach to digital health is rooted within its overall strategic framework and Digital Strategy. Digital health interventions are integrated into the HIV and Health Strategy 2022-2025 in three interlinked and mutually reinforcing action areas:reducing inequalities and exclusions that affect health and drive epidemics; promoting effective and inclusive governance; and building resilient health systems.
Digitalization is an important driver of UNDP Strategic Plan’s first Signature Solution – Poverty, including the theme of HIV and Health. There are six specific areas impacted by digital transformation that are important for this theme: health services, universal health coverage, digital interventions, digital ecosystem, human rights and the gender gap. Whilst this guide covers most of these areas, the aspect of human rights is covered in the Human Rights for Sustainable Development Digital Guide and the aspect of gender gap in Gender Equal Economies. Relevant sections of those guides should be read alongside this one.
Key messages
Digital health, or the use of digital technologies for health, has emerged as a vital field, utilizing both traditional and innovative forms of information and communications technology (ICT) to address health needs.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a digital health intervention is defined as “a discrete functionality of digital technology that is applied to achieve health objectives and is implemented within digital health applications and ICT systems, including communication channels such as text messages”.
Digital health interventions can improve the capacity of healthcare workers. They can give them immediate access to clinical protocols and increase access to medical services through telemedicine consultations and other methods such as information delivery via smartphones and radio. Digitised medical supply chains can enhance efficiency leading to increased availability of medicines and vaccines, reduced waste and corruption and significant cost savings.
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted UNDP to collaborate and co-create digital platforms and datasets, which will help the organization be better prepared for and respond to future pandemics.
UNDP's Data Futures Platform is an open resource that contains a large, curated database of various socio-economic parameters to enable informed decision-making by policymakers and programme managers as they develop effective interventions for a faster pandemic recovery.
Big data is set to become an integral part of future technological developments, enabling UNDP to gain valuable insights from the vast amounts of data generated by emerging digital health technologies. Improved data and analytics facilitate better decision-making, strengthening pandemic and epidemic intelligence and response. However, it is important to recognize that AI algorithms may contain biases that can lead to inaccurate predictions and health outcomes based on race, gender, or socioeconomic status, further entrenching existing disparities.
UNDP largely focuses on strengthening institutional systems, aiming to digitise key areas relating to gaps in health service delivery. This approach leads to improved accountability, efficiency and transparency.
Through its programmes and projects, UNDP promotes digital literacy among various groups, including: youth, elderly, healthcare workers, and marginalized communities, leading to better healthcare delivery. UNDP also leverages its connections with local communities to design digital systems and promote local digital ecosystems. The organization supports governments in designing and implementing sustainable digital health policies and programmes.
UNDP is well-equipped to provide country-level support for integrating digital innovations into health programming through technical helpdesks and by carrying out assessments of digital readiness and health technology for scalable solutions. UNDP is also positioned to link health interventions to other established digital platforms, such as emerging e-government systems, to inform policymaking and service delivery. Additionally, UNDP partnerships with civil society enable the organization to be a bridge between digital systems used by communities and donors and government health systems.
A rights-based approach to health is core to UNDP’s mission. The organization's work on the use of digital technologies in upholding and fulfilling human rights follows the principle that the right to health is a basic human right. UNDP strongly advocates that everyone should benefit from digital advancements without having to worry about their privacy and security being violated.
UNDP promotes intentionally inclusive approaches to digital development that place people at the centre. The organization leverages digital and data solutions to ensure the inclusion of key populations and other vulnerable groups such as those at risk of HIV infection. UNDP supports digital health technology that ‘does no harm’ to service providers, patients, and users, and allows individuals to retain ownership of their data and provide informed consent regarding its use.
UNDP has published a document offering valuable insights to guide countries on the rights-based and ethical use of digital technologies in HIV and health programmes. UNDP is also driving the development of inclusive, rights-based, and sustainable digital ecosystems, including through the implementation of Digital Public Goods (DPGs) and Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI).
The Hub serves as a one-stop shop with technical, advisory and partnership support for scaling up digital health solutions. The Hub’s primary aim is to assist countries to identify, adapt and scale up digital health solutions that advance health and well-being for all. The Hub exemplifies UNDP’s strategic focus on transformative drivers for sustainable development
The Hub supports effective and inclusive governance for digital health and addressing the inequalities that fuel disease and pandemics. The Hub promotes digital platforms and services that have a people-centred design, which incorporate inclusive and gender-sensitive approaches and safeguard the protection of human rights. The Hub fosters knowledge exchange, tracks emerging trends, and shares good practices and proven solutions.
UNDP’s portfolio of digital health interventions includes a wide range of areas, such as: routine immunisation, HIV, TB, malaria, noncommunicable diseases, climate and health, healthcare waste management, green energy for health facilities ; early warning systems; and Smart Facilities for Health.
The digital solutions curated by UNDP for country-level implementation are user-friendly, scalable, sustainable, data-driven, collaborative, mainly built on open-source systems and tailored to the local context.
Opportunities and risks
This segment outlines the society-level opportunities and risks associated with digital transformations in the context of HIV and health programmes. These should be used as a basis for forming programme-level theories of change, so providing inspiration to programme teams on how digital innovation can best support and drive HIV and health activities.
Digitisation can reduce existing health inequalities: There are multiple ways to ensure that digital transformations reduce inequalities in healthcare delivery, particularly in underserved communities where non-digital channels limit opportunities for citizen engagement with the health system:
Providing safe and secure digital platforms where marginalized and remote communities can access free and potentially anonymous quality healthcare, counselling, and peer support. This is especially useful for women seeking healthcare and for female healthcare workers providing health services.
Involving communities in developing, implementing and monitoring digital health initiatives. However, the issue of data sharing between the public and private health sector needs to be addressed.
Establishing an interoperable trust infrastructure for verifiable digitised personal health records (e.g., vaccine certificates, medical prescriptions, laboratory test results etc.) will allow more people from Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) to travel and access health services globally. It will also facilitate reduced travel and trade restrictions in the event of a pandemic or a cross-boundary epidemic.
Digital technologies can help promote science and evidence-based approaches to health and counter misinformation and disinformation: The rapid and wide dissemination of health information is possible through digital media. Health institutions can use digital platforms to educate the public about common health topics such as healthy living, immunisation and smoking, as well as to communicate the risks of disease outbreaks and track and counter misinformation. During disease outbreaks, digital technologies can be used to quickly provide instructions on prevention behaviours to a broad audience.
Digital health can improve the quality of care for patients:
Personal health tracking and diagnostics: Advancements in biometric monitoring devices have made it possible to conduct, store, transmit and evaluate diagnostic tests through mobile phones, in situations where the patient and provider are far removed from one another. These devices range from simple tests, such as blood glucose levels to treat diabetes, to sophisticated ones such as electrocardiograms. Driven by advances in sensors, semiconductors and AI, innovations in wearable devices like smartwatches and IOT-enabled (Internet of Things) medical equipment provide more granular, accurate and regularly updated data for decision-making.
Telehealth allows for timely access to appropriate interventions, including services that may not otherwise be available in resource-constrained settings. Telemedicine, a component of telehealth, can provide primary healthcare services and reduce the burden on secondary and tertiary health systems. This results in affordable and quality healthcare for more people, particularly in cases where there is no need for physical interaction with a medical professional.
UNDP's DigitalX catalogue for health contains many examples of such approaches.
Digital health can improve workflows and processes of health systems and healthcare professionals:
Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems have been widely adopted by healthcare facilities worldwide due to their many benefits over conventional paper charts. EHR systems can improve the quality of patient care by reducing medical errors through standardising medical documentation and improving communication across care teams.
Clinical decision support: Mobile health (mHealth) has been effectively used to support the delivery of last mile health services and care through community health workers (CHWs). mHealth can serve as job aides, as decision support systems, for data collection and for feedback and supervision to provide evidence-based health services in the community.
Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS): Laboratory data is critical to determine prevalence and incidence rates and to monitor treatment efficacy. For example, electronic LIMSs - whether basic, standalone computers, or robust web-based networked systems - are essential to process the large volume of data generated by major HIV and AIDS and TB programmes implemented in LMICs. Having such a capacity drives improved clinical efficiency and patient outcomes, particularly around HIV and TB patient case management, by improving the speed of laboratory testing. Additionally, robust and timely lab data collection and communications are essential for early detection of emerging diseases and pandemic preparedness.
Digital financing tools: mHealth and Mobile Finance (mFinance) are converging rapidly in the domain of financial transactions to pay for health care and health supplies, or to make demand- or supply-side incentive schemes easier to deploy and scale. These strategies decrease financial barriers to care while testing new ways of motivating providers to adhere to guidelines and provide higher quality care.
Digital divide and privacy issues may exacerbate existing health inequalities and exclusion: While encouraging innovation and reducing monopolies and vendor lock-in can help narrow the digital divide, technological advances often do not reach those with the greatest need due to inequal availability, affordability and access, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. and particularly those from marginalised groups such as women, elderly people, people with disabilities and people that live in poor, remote or rural areas. Moreover, data breaches may contribute to the identification, stigma and discrimination of vulnerable populations, such as people living with HIV, especially in regions where laws criminalise HIV non-disclosure.
Lack of governance and policy can lead to misuse of citizens’ data: Many countries lack well-defined policies and strategic frameworks on digital health or on digital technologies and data management more broadly. Government regulatory systems therefore fall behind the latest trends and leave an unregulated space for most innovations, which are developed by the private sector. Regulators need to urgently build an enabling environment with guidelines on citizen data protection, open standards, interoperability of digital systems, AI, standards on electronic health records and laws on data privacy. Initiatives such as ‘regulatory sandboxes’ (mechanisms for the private sector to innovate new approaches under a regulator’s supervision) can be useful in building public and private sector capacities.
Misinformation can lead to misdiagnosis and other harms: People often use web platforms and social media to find and share health information. These channels, when unregulated, biased, and containing false information, lead to negative health outcomes. It is important for authorities to identify key trends and underlying factors that facilitate the easy spread of health misinformation. A 2022 WHO study provides further analysis of the problem.
Lack of evidence on digital health effectiveness: To ensure the safety and benefits of new digital healthcare solutions like mHealth, AI, and robotics, health technology assessments which follow the same criteria as used for other healthcare methods are necessary. These technologies must be evidence-based and safe to use, and their impacts on patients and healthcare systems must be defined.
Fragmented digital ecosystems can lead to lack of good quality, low-cost tools for healthcare: Most technologies are developed in silos in the public and private sectors, which can prevent the emergence of effective and affordable digital health tools. Poor coordination and integration of the digital health ecosystem can limit the effectiveness of national health policies, and, as a result, digital tools often stop at the pilot phase.
Weak e-health infrastructure can limit the impact of digitalisation: In many parts of the world, e-health infrastructure is weak and unable to support the scale of digital health. Most of this infrastructure, particularly the health information systems, is not interoperable or connected. Low Internet penetration and speeds also hinder access despite the high availability of smartphones.
High carbon footprint and e-health waste can have a negative impact on the environment: The emissions and environmental impact of digital and digital health technologies is complex and depends on various factors such as devices, connections, resolution, time of day, and much more. These numbers are changing all the time, with both improvements in efficiency – but also increases in usage, and changes in user behaviour. However, the negative multiplier effects of digital health technologies can be significant, including the use of diesel generators for last mile connectivity, the energy usage of Cloud infrastructure, the negative externalities of user-design choices (e.g., continuous scrolling generating more data usage), and the emissions required to train AI and Big Data models. On the consumer side, in 2019, 53.6 million tonnes of e-waste was generated globally – but in the same year, only 17.4 per cent of e-waste was recycled. Initiatives such as ‘Right to Repair’ and others are gaining interest, but progress is slow.
Programming suggestions
HIV and Health encompasses a broad array of programmatic approaches, project decisions and capacity strengthening goals. Here we highlight four areas with particular relevance to a whole-of-society approach to disaster risk reduction. However, this does not discount the relevance or importance of other elements of UNDP’s Digital Strategy with respect to the delivery of effective digital interventions for HIV and Health. Furthermore, the chosen approaches may vary based on the local context. We recommend that you explore the Digital Compass in order to consider how those in contexts similar to your own have approached these issues.
UNDP is well-placed to provide country-level support in integrating digital innovations into HIV and Health programming, including conducting assessments on digital readiness and health technology assessments for scalable solutions.
Cultural norms
Cultural norms focus on understanding and mitigating harm inflicted by digital transformations such as dependence, cyber bullying, disinformation, or physical impacts. For digital transformations in HIV and Health this particularly involves protecting human rights and being inclusive so that all people have access to health services. The following are broad suggestions:
Support countries with policy advice and technical support to make digital systems for health more inclusive, safer, and more equitable: This can include, for instance, advocacy on people-centred design of digital transformations with communities and governments. UNDP provides advice on how to include marginalised communities (e.g., racial, and ethnic minorities, indigenous people, young women and girls, key HIV populations, TB and malaria populations, the elderly, people living with disabilities, LGBTI+ people and others) in health responses.
Bridge the gap in access to digital health technologies: Develop laws, policies and practices that address stigma, discrimination, and exclusion. It is important to support the development of tools that make digital health systems operational and to procure the equipment necessary to do so. It is also important to ensure that personnel are trained and that beneficiaries know how and where to access these tools.
Promote proven digital technologies to increase access to medicines, vaccines and other health commodities, procurement, delivery and pharmacovigilance (side effect tracking) systems and capacities: UNDP has implemented effective platforms such as eVIN and CoWIN in India, SMILE in Indonesia, DHIS-2 in Guinea Bissau, digital technologies for pharmacovigilance in TB and more. These can be accessed and adopted and across countries through cross-border learning and South-South cooperation.
Leverage digital transformations for better impact on mental health: The psychological treatment of mental health problems is undergoing a fundamental change with the widespread availability of digital technology. There are well established digital treatments for depression and most of the anxiety disorders, and for problems such as insomnia. The majority of digital treatments are forms of cognitive behaviour therapy that are mainly derived from existing face-to-face treatments or from self-help books. It should be noted that while digital treatments can be helpful and effective in many instances they are not a like-for-like substitute for in-person mental health provision and will not be appropriate or sufficient in all circumstances. Mental Health Innovation Network (MHIN) is a community of mental health innovators facilitates the development and uptake of effective mental health interventions. A catalogue of their innovations in mental health programmes is available on their website.
Data and privacy
Data exchange focuses on government open data, data access, international data storage and data privacy and data protection. For digital transformations in HIV and Health, this particularly involves preventing misuse of citizens data through data privacy and data protection and can help promote effective and inclusive governance for health. The following are broad suggestions:
Establish governance frameworks and legal protections to safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of users of digital health technologies: Ensure that online health care records, electronic medical records and communications with health care providers are protected. UNDP have provided guidance note on this issue specifically: “Guidance on the rights-based and ethical use of digital technologies for HIV and health programmes”.
Engage with communities on digital transformation and incorporate protection of human rights and ethics as a fundamental aspect of digital health programming:
Raising awareness in citizens of their data rights including: (a) the right to access personal data, and for its minimisation and the right to be forgotten; (b) the right to be informed of how data is processed, what the legal basis is and who receives the data; (c) the right to be informed when a new controller receives personal data; and (d) the right to be informed timely in the event of a data breach.
There is a need to create safer spaces online. Individuals in vulnerable groups such as PLHIV or LGBTI+ are hesitant to use digital platforms or social media due to the lack of protection . Digital health services should be designed to address the needs of both the vulnerable and key population groups.
Assess health inequalities: Use integrated health informatics, including data and hyperlocal analytics, to assess health inequities.
Drive innovation in regulation and protections: Identify and explore innovative forms of data protection (including Data Trusts, or other locally relevant solutions), and shape multi-sector collaborations to pilot and embed regulatory best practice. This could include introducing approaches such as ‘regulatory sandboxes’ to ensure private sector and other digital health solution providers have the technical abilities and structures to protect user data.
Emerging technologies
This focuses on standards and guidelines for emerging technology. For digital transformations in HIV and Health, this particularly involves transparency standards and data protection as well as ethical use of digital technologies, and can help promote effective and inclusive governance for health. The following are broad suggestions:
Leverage UNDP's role as an 'integrator': UNDP Country Offices have developed strong linkages with their respective governments and UN partners and are well positioned to support scaling of digital health in their respective geographies. UNDP's role as an integrator enables it to effectively coordinate within UN system and convene governments, academia, donors, the private sector, and UN agencies to meet the growing demand for digital health solutions.
Support research and knowledge exchange: With the rapidly evolving developments in digital health, it can be challenging for countries to find the solutions appropriate for their context. Countries should support research and knowledge exchange to identify the critical building blocks for tele-health systems – from legal and policy frameworks and human capacity to data protocols. This should be synthesised into guidance for policymakers, health providers and technology developers.
Improve community ownership of digital health: Engage communities in digital development. Develop integrated person-centric health data systems for better information-sharing and improve access to health services. Promote open standards on interoperability (e.g., HL7, FHIR) and digital public goods in health as part of UNDP's engagement with the Digital Public Goods Alliance.
Address the threat of misinformation: UNDP has developed AI-based digital tools like iVerify for fact checking and identifying false information on the internet. Such tools can be adapted and utilised to address health-related misinformation. UNDP can also engage with social media companies to counter health-related misinformation on their platforms.
Digital public services and platforms
This focuses on strategy and programmes for digitalization of services delivered by the public sector. The following are broad suggestions:
Support countries' efforts to achieve universal health coverage: This can include implementing digital technologies for health systems strengthening, increasing sustainability in health, and exploring opportunities with respect to micro health insurance. There is a growing demand for open-source health technology. UNDP can leverage successful models of its work in LMICs whilst promoting and implementing digital public health goods.
Use renewable energy to increase the reach of digital systems for health: Use local renewables to make digital systems for health independent from centralised electricity supply. This can help to reach rural and remote communities as in the ““Solar for health” project now operating in fifteen countries.
Promote the use of data and digital solutions to build more resilient and sustainable systems for health: This can include systems to enable real-time data collection and analysis, and decision making and reporting for last mile delivery. UNDP can work on digital and data platforms which address human health, animal health and climate and can be integrated with early warning systems and analysis for pandemic preparedness and response.
Scale up digital platforms: Scale digital platforms for supply chain management, healthcare waste management, beneficiary registration, and management of information systems.
Develop Smart Facilities for Health with interdependent digital technologies: Inspired by the concept of smart cities, UNDP launched “Smart Facilities” as an initiative to integrate technological innovation and renewable energy solutions into physical health care infrastructure. Smart Facilities for Health (SFH) applies solutions across four interdependent technology pillars to infrastructure, namely 1) energy and mobility; 2) big data and the internet of things; 3) information and communications technology, business intelligence and artificial intelligence; and 4) security. Examples include the stationary condition monitoring for COVID-19 vaccination support; installation of solar panels, onsite cold storage, information systems and appliance monitoring, environmental and disaster monitoring, and energy efficiency monitoring at the National Reference Laboratory in São Tomé and Príncipe. Plans for Smart Facilities for Health supported by the Global Fund are underway in Afghanistan, Guinea-Bissau, Sudan, South Sudan and Zimbabwe.
Build capacities across governments and local digital health ecosystem: Develop health workforce capacity on digital technologies, leverage digital health experts, improve talent development and training, and support collaboration and knowledge sharing across countries through the health community of practice.
Leverage UNDP's significant portfolio in procurement of medicines and other health products to help optimise countries' supply systems: This can include digitalising procurement of medicines and health commodities, chain management for vaccines, smart facilities for health and other innovative approaches.
Leverage COVID-19 response and other health emergencies infrastructure: Utilise the technologies developed for COVID-19 vaccines into other health sectors, such as routine immunisation, HIV, TB, Malaria, etc. Expand healthcare delivery to vulnerable populations. Use supply chain capacities such as distribution networks and warehousing for medicines and logistics infrastructure.
Establish partnerships for impact: Develop innovative digital health and data solution with private sector expertise. Establish a community of practice (CoP) of local developers and partners across countries to co-create digital health solutions.
Stakeholders
To support work in the above four areas, it is important to consider key stakeholders for HIV and Health within and outside of the country context. These should be engaged to reinforce capacity in each programmatic area.
Global Fund – Supports countries to accelerate the adoption and scale up of digital health technologies. It set up a $50 million fund to support African countries on digital health capacity building at the last mile and it supports countries to set up digital health management information systems (HMIS).
WHO – Supports implementation of digital solutions that contribute to informed decision making, enhances knowledge on digital health through Communities of Practice and systematically assesses and links country needs with the supply of innovations.
UNICEF – Works on designing, enhancing, and scaling digital health interventions globally and applying these solutions to its core mandate and focus on child and adolescent health and rights. Manages homegrown solutions such as RapidPro that enables real-time mass data collection and mass-communication.
World Bank – Works with governments towards achieving Universal Health Coverage by strengthening primary care systems, supports global multilateral initiatives, e.g., African Vaccine Acquisition Trust, COVAX etc. Main areas of work include pandemic preparedness and response, nutrition and infectious diseases.
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)– Funds digital health innovations globally and convenes governments, communities, and the private sector creating market incentives on vaccines, treatments and diagnostics. It also supports initiatives on generating high quality data and evidence.
The Digital Public Goods Alliance (DPGA) – Co-chaired by UNDP, the Digital Public Goods Alliance stewards the global community towards forming digital infrastructure that delivers whole-of-society benefits. Building inclusive digital public infrastructure can boost progress on multiple SDGs, including by improving health outcomes, reducing poverty, strengthening good governance and building climate resilience.
GAVI – GAVI provides grants for health interventions related to vaccine support, health systems strengthening, equipment optimisation to keep vaccines refrigerated etc. It co-leads in the CoVDP along with WHO and UNICEF in delivering COVID-19 vaccines globally with a focus on 34 countries, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
PATH – PATH works with governments on developing and scaling digital technologies and make better use of better data. It is also focused on innovation in devices, primary care, diagnostics and vaccine delivery advocacy.
Digital Square – works with connecting open-source software, digital public goods, donors, technical providers, development partners and consultants to accelerate use of digital technologies in public health.
Private Sector – UNDP has a strong potential to work with digital technology companies that develop products for specific health and development challenges – and bring these technologies to governments as solutions. Such partnerships will allow UNDP access to latest information on digital innovations and good insight into the future developments on digital health so creating more digital public goods for health. UNDP’s Digital X catalogue for health exemplifies this approach.
Programming examples
The below links provide access to specific guidance, case studies and proposed DPGs for the programmatic implementation of digital transformations across the key programme areas within HIV and Health:
Smart Facilities for Health (SFH)
SFH implements solutions across four interconnected technological pillars for infrastructures like office buildings, namely: 1) Energy and Mobility; 2) Big Data and the Internet of Things; 3) Information and Communications Technology, Business Intelligence, and Artificial Intelligence; and 4) Security.
SFH implements solutions across four interconnected technological pillars for infrastructures like office buildings, namely: 1) Energy and Mobility; 2) Big Data and the Internet of Things; 3) Information and Communications Technology, Business Intelligence, and Artificial Intelligence; and 4) Security.
An innovative technological solution designed to bolster the immunisation supply chain system in Indonesia. It facilitates real-time monitoring of vaccine cold chain logistics by digitising stock supplies and storage temperatures throughout various vaccine cold chainpoints.
An innovative technological solution designed to bolster the immunisation supply chain system in Indonesia. It facilitates real-time monitoring of vaccine cold chain logistics by digitising stock supplies and storage temperatures throughout various vaccine cold chainpoints.
The Feasibility Analysis of Syndromic Surveillance Using Spatio Temporal Epidemiological Modeler for Early Detection of Diseases (FASSSTER) is the main disease surveillance platform utilised by the Philippine Government for managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Feasibility Analysis of Syndromic Surveillance Using Spatio Temporal Epidemiological Modeler for Early Detection of Diseases (FASSSTER) is the main disease surveillance platform utilised by the Philippine Government for managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
A cloud-based IT solution for the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation ofCOVID-19 vaccinations. This serves as the sole reliable resource for all data and information related to the delivery of the COVID-19 vaccine in India.
A cloud-based IT solution for the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation ofCOVID-19 vaccinations. This serves as the sole reliable resource for all data and information related to the delivery of the COVID-19 vaccine in India.
